做一个 ESP32 温湿度计：先把 SHT40 数据读对

arduino-cli lib install 'Sensirion Core@0.7.3'
arduino-cli lib install --no-deps 'Sensirion I2C SHT4x@1.1.2'
arduino-cli compile --fqbn 'esp32:esp32:esp32s3:FlashSize=8M,PSRAM=opi,FlashMode=qio,PartitionScheme=default_8MB,CDCOnBoot=default,USBMode=hwcdc' examples/esp32/esp32-sht40-thermometer

arduino-cli upload --fqbn 'esp32:esp32:esp32s3:FlashSize=8M,PSRAM=opi,FlashMode=qio,PartitionScheme=default_8MB,CDCOnBoot=default,USBMode=hwcdc' -p PORT examples/esp32/esp32-sht40-thermometer
arduino-cli monitor -p PORT --config baudrate=115200

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// S01: S3 DevKitC-1 v1.1 N8R8 + Adafruit SHT40 breakout PID 4885.
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SensirionI2cSht4x.h>
#include <math.h>

SensirionI2cSht4x sensor;
constexpr uint8_t SDA_PIN = 8, SCL_PIN = 9;
constexpr uint32_t PERIOD_MS = 2000;
bool busReady = false, hadError = false;
uint32_t sampledAt = 0, attempts = 0, failures = 0;

bool startBus() {
  const bool ok = Wire.begin(SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, 100000);
  Wire.setTimeOut(20);
  sensor.begin(Wire, SHT40_I2C_ADDR_44);
  return ok;
}
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  busReady = startBus();
  delay(10);
  Serial.printf("S01 core=3.3.12 driver=1.1.2 SDA=8 SCL=9 address=0x44 bus=%u\n", busReady);
  if (busReady) {
    uint32_t serialNumber = 0;
    const int16_t error = sensor.serialNumber(serialNumber);
    if (error == 0) Serial.printf("sensor_serial=%lu\n", (unsigned long)serialNumber);
    else Serial.printf("sensor_serial_unavailable error=%d; measurements will retry\n", error);
  }
  sampledAt = millis();
}
void loop() {
  const uint32_t now = millis();
  if (uint32_t(now - sampledAt) < PERIOD_MS) return;
  sampledAt = now;
  ++attempts;
  if (!busReady) busReady = startBus();
  if (!busReady) {
    hadError = true;
    Serial.printf("attempt=%lu uptime_ms=%lu state=BUS_ERROR T=NA RH=NA\n", (unsigned long)attempts, (unsigned long)now);
    return;
  }
  float temperature = NAN, humidityRaw = NAN;
  const int16_t error = sensor.measureHighPrecision(temperature, humidityRaw);
  if (error != 0 || !isfinite(temperature) || !isfinite(humidityRaw)) {
    hadError = true;
    ++failures;
    char message[128] = "non-finite sensor result";
    if (error != 0) errorToString(error, message, sizeof(message));
    Serial.printf("attempt=%lu uptime_ms=%lu state=ERROR T=NA RH=NA error=%d detail=%s\n",
      (unsigned long)attempts, (unsigned long)now, error, message);
    if (failures % 3 == 0) {
      const int16_t resetError = sensor.softReset();
      Serial.printf("retry_soft_reset error=%d\n", resetError);
      delay(10);
    }
    return;
  }
  const float humidityDisplay = fminf(100.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, humidityRaw));
  Serial.printf("attempt=%lu uptime_ms=%lu state=%s T_C=%.2f RH_raw=%.2f RH_display=%.2f clipped=%u\n",
    (unsigned long)attempts, (unsigned long)now, hadError ? "RECOVERED" : "VALID",
    temperature, humidityRaw, humidityDisplay, humidityRaw != humidityDisplay);
  hadError = false;
  failures = 0;
}